April 11

April 11 is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 264 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
• 1079 – Bishop Stanislaus of Krakow is executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.
• 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Muhi.
• 1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: French forces led by Gaston de Foix win the Battle of Ravenna.
• 1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Britain.
• 1713 – War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War): Treaty of Utrecht.
• 1775 – The last execution for witchcraft in Germany takes place.
• 1814 – The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.
• 1828 – Foundation of Bahia Blanca.
• 1856 – Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaria burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.
• 1865 – President Abraham Lincoln makes his last public speech.
• 1868 – The Shogunate is abolished in Japan.
• 1876 – The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.
• 1888 – The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam is inaugurated.
• 1899 – Spain cedes Puerto Rico to the United States.
• 1905 – Albert Einstein reveals his Theory of Relativity (special relativity).
• 1908 – SMS Blücher, the last armored cruiser to be built by the German Imperial Navy, launches.
• 1919 – The International Labour Organization is founded.
• 1921 – The Emirate of Transjordan is created.
• 1945 – World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.
• 1951 – Korean War: President Harry Truman relieves General Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea.
• 1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
• 1952 – The Battle of Nanri Island takes place.
• 1955 – The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.
• 1957 – Britain agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
• 1961 – The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
• 1965 – The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-one tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states, killing 256 people.
• 1968 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.
• 1970 – Apollo 13 is launched.
• 1976 – The Apple I is created.
• 1979 – Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.
• 1981 – A massive riot in Brixton, South London, results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.
• 1986 – The FBI Miami shootout between eight Federal Bureau of Investigation agents and two heavily-armed and well-trained gunmen.
• 1987 – The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.
• 1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, say they have seized what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
• 1993 – 450 prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.
• 2000 – AT&T Park in San Francisco, Minute Maid Park in Houston, and Comerica Park in Detroit open.
• 2001 – The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, People's Republic of China after a collision with an J-8 fighter is released.
• 2001 – Australia beats American Samoa in a 31-0 win, the biggest ever in a international match of football.
• 2002 – The Ghriba synagogue bombing by Al Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.
• 2002 – An attempted coup d'état in Venezuela against President Hugo Chávez takes place.
• 2006 – Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces that Iran has successfully enriched uranium.
• 2007 – 2007 Algiers bombings: Two bombings in the Algerian capital of Algiers, kills 33 people and wounds a further 222 others.

Births

• 145 – Septimius Severus (d. 211)
• 1357 – John I of Portugal (d. 1433)
• 1374 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (d. 1398)
• 1492 – Marguerite of Navarre, wife of Henry II of Navarre (d. 1549)
• 1592 – John Eliot, English statesman (d. 1632)
• 1721 – David Zeisberger, Moravian missionary (d. 1808)
• 1722 – Christopher Smart, English poet (d. 1771)
• 1755 – James Parkinson, English physician (d. 1824)
• 1769 – Jean Lannes, French marshal (d. 1809)
• 1770 – George Canning, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
• 1794 – Edward Everett, 15th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1865)
• 1798 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist (d. 1854)
• 1810 – Henry Rawlinson, English scholar (d. 1895)
• 1819 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
• 1825 – Ferdinand Lassalle, German politician (d. 1864)
• 1827 – Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, Indian social reformer (d. 1890)
• 1852 – Cap Anson, American baseball player (d. 1922)
• 1856 – Arthur Shrewsbury, English cricketer (d. 1903)
• 1862 – Charles Evans Hughes, 11th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1948)
• 1862 – William Wallace Campbell, American astronomer (d. 1938)
• 1866 – Bernard O'Dowd, Australian poet (d. 1953)
• 1867 – Mark Keppel, Superintendent of Schools of Los Angeles County (d. 1928)
• 1869 – Kasturba Gandhi, Wife of Mohandas Gandhi (d. 1944)
• 1869 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
• 1873 – Edward Lawson, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 1955)
• 1876 – Paul Henry, Northern Irish artist (d. 1958)
• 1889 – Nick LaRocca, American musician (d. 1961)
• 1890 – Donna Rachele Mussolini, wife of Benito Mussolini (d. 1979)
• 1893 – Dean Acheson, American statesman (d. 1971)
• 1896 – Léo-Paul Desrosiers, Quebec novelist (d. 1967)
• 1899 – Percy Lavon Julian, American chemist (d. 1975)
• 1900 – Sandor Marai, Hungarian writer (d. 1989)
• 1905 – József Attila, Hungarian poet (d. 1937)
• 1906 – Dale Messick, American cartoonist (d. 2005)
• 1907 – Ivor Spencer-Thomas, English farmer and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
• 1908 – Jane Bolin, first African-American woman judge (d. 2007)
• 1908 – Masaru Ibuka, Japanese industrialist (Sony) (d. 1997)
• 1908 – Dan Maskell, English tennis commentator (d. 1992)
• 1908 – Leo Rosten, American humorist and author (d. 1997)
• 1910 – António de Spínola, Portuguese politician (d. 1996)
• 1911 – Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish runner (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
• 1914 – Norman McLaren, Canadian film animator and director (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
• 1916 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (d. 1983)
• 1916 – Howard W. Koch, American film director (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Danny Gallivan, Canadian radio and television sportscaster (d. 1993)
• 1917 – David Westheimer, American novelist (d. 2005)
• 1918 – Richard Wainwright, English politician (d. 2003)
• 1921 – Jim Hearn, American baseball player (d. 1998)
• 1923 – George J. Maloof, Sr., American businessman (d. 1980)
• 1925 – Pierre Péladeau, Canadian businessman and newspaper editor (Quebecor) (d. 1997)
• 1926 – Victor Bouchard, Quebec pianist and composer
• 1928 – Ethel Kennedy, widow of Robert F. Kennedy
• 1930 – Anton LaVey, American founder of the Church of Satan (d. 1997)
• 1931 – Johnny Sheffield, American actor
• 1931 – Koichi Sugiyama, Japanese composer
• 1932 – Joel Grey, American singer and actor
• 1933 – Tony Brown, American journalist
• 1934 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet
• 1935 – Richard Berry, American singer and composer (d. 1997)
• 1935 – Richard Kuklinski, American mafia hitman (d. 2006)
• 1938 – Michael Deaver, Deputy White House Chief of Staff (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Kurt Moll, German bass
• 1939 – Louise Lasser, American actress
• 1941 – Ellen Goodman, American political columnist
• 1941 – Shirley Stelfox, English actress
• 1943 – Harley Race, American professional wrestler
• 1944 – John Milius, American director and writer
• 1946 – Bob Harris, British disc jockey and presenter
• 1946 – Laurie Faso, American actor and game show host
• 1947 – Peter Riegert, American actor
• 1947 – Uli Edel, German film director
• 1947 – Meshach Taylor, American actor
• 1947 – Lev Bulat, Russian physicist
• 1948 – Marcello Lippi, Italian football coach
• 1949 – Bernd Eichinger, German film producer
• 1949 – Carl Franklin, American actor
• 1950 – Tom Hill, English bass guitarist (Geordie)
• 1951 – Doris McGowen Beck Angleton, American socialite (d. 1997)
• 1951 – Paul Fox, English guitarist (The Ruts) (d. 2007)
• 1951 – James Patrick Kelly, American author
• 1952 – Peter Windsor, English motor racing journalist and reporter
• 1953 – Andrew Wiles, British mathematician
• 1953 – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium
• 1955 – Kevin Brady, American politician
• 1955 – Michael Callen, American musician (d. 1993)
• 1955 – Micheal Ray Richardson, American basketball player
• 1955 – Neville Staple, Jamaican musician
• 1958 – Stuart Adamson, British musician (Big Country) (d. 2001)
• 1958 – Brynn Hartman, wife and murderer of comedian Phil Hartman (d. 1998)
• 1959 – Ana María Polo, Cuban-American lawyer and arbitrator
• 1960 – Jeremy Clarkson, British journalist
• 1961 – Doug Hopkins, American musician (d. 1993)
• 1962 – Vincent Gallo, American actor
• 1963 – Chris Ferguson, American poker player
• 1963 – Billy Bowden, New Zealand umpire
• 1964 – Steve Azar, American singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Bret Saberhagen, American baseball player
• 1964 – Johann Sebastian Paetsch, American cellist
• 1966 – Mason Reese, American actor
• 1966 – Steve Scarsone, American baseball player
• 1966 – Lisa Stansfield, English singer
• 1968 – Sergey Lukyanenko, Russian author
• 1969 – Cerys Matthews, Welsh singer
• 1969 – Chisato Moritaka, Japanese singer
• 1969 – Dustin Rhodes, American professional wrestler
• 1970 – Trevor Linden, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1970 – Delroy Pearson, former singer Five Star
• 1970 – Johnny Messner, American actor
• 1971 – Oliver Riedel, German musician (Rammstein)
• 1971 – Vicellous Reon Shannon, American actor
• 1972 – Jason Varitek, American baseball player
• 1972 – Balls Mahoney, American professional wrestler
• 1973 – Jennifer Esposito, American actress
• 1974 – Àlex Corretja, Spanish tennis player
• 1974 – Ashot Danielyan, Armenian weightlifter
• 1974 – Anton Glanzelius, Swedish actor
• 1974 – Tricia Helfer, Canadian model and actor
• 1974 – Zöe Lucker, British television actor
• 1974 – Trot Nixon, American baseball player
• 1974 – David Jassy, Swedish musician, songwriter, and music producer
• 1975 – Walid Soliman, Tunisian author
• 1976 – Kelvim Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1978 – Brett Claywell, American actor
• 1978 – Josh Hancock, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1978 – Tom Thacker, Canadian musician
• 1979 – Nazanin Afshin-Jam, Canadian beauty pageant winner
• 1979 – Malcolm Christie, English footballer
• 1979 – Chris Gaylor, American drummer
• 1979 – Sebastien Grainger, Canadian musician
• 1979 – Michel Riesen, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1979 – Josh Server, American actor
• 1979 – María Elena Swett, Chilean actress
• 1980 – Keiji Tamada, Japanese footballer
• 1980 – Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
• 1980 – Festus Baise, Nigerian footballer
• 1981 – Alessandra Ambrosio, Brazilian model
• 1981 – Alexandre Burrows, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1982 – Ian Bell, English cricketer
• 1982 – Danja, American record producer, composer, and songwriter
• 1983 – Nicky Pastorelli, Dutch racing driver
• 1983 – Rubén Palazuelos, Spanish football player
• 1984 – Kelli Garner, American actress
• 1985 – Will Minson, Australian rules footballer
• 1986 – Roman Heart, American porn actor
• 1986 – Stephanie Pratt, American reality TV personality (The Hills)
• 1987 – Joss Stone, English singer
• 1987 – Lights Poxleitner, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1994 – Dakota Blue Richards, English actress
• 2000 – Morgan Lily, American actress
• 2002 – Alexa Gerasimovich, American actress

Deaths

• 1034 – Romanus III, Byzantine emperor (b. 968)
• 1165 – Stephen IV, King of Hungary (b. 1133)
• 1240 – Llywelyn the Great, King of Gwynedd
• 1554 – Thomas Wyatt the younger, English rebel (b. 1521)
• 1612 – Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian (b. 1535)
• 1612 – Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher (b. 1566)
• 1626 – Marin Getaldić, Croatian mathematician (b. 1568)
• 1712 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (b. 1638)
• 1723 – John Robinson, English diplomat (b. 1650)
• 1798 – Karl Wilhelm Ramler, German poet (b. 1725)
• 1856 – Juan Santamaría, national hero of Costa Rica (b. 1831)
• 1861 – Francisco González Bocanegra, Mexican poet (b. 1824)
• 1873 – Edward Canby, U.S. general (b. 1817)
• 1890 – Joseph Merrick, "The Elephant Man" (b. 1862)
• 1894 – Constantin Lipsius, German architect (b. 1832)
• 1903 – Gemma Galgani, Catholic saint and mystic (b. 1878)
• 1906 – James Anthony Bailey, American circus impresario (b. 1847)
• 1906 – Francis Pharcellus Church, American editor and publisher (b. 1839)
• 1908 – Henry Bird, English chess player and author (b. 1829)
• 1916 – Richard Harding Davis, American author (b. 1864)
• 1926 – Luther Burbank, American botanist (b. 1849)
• 1947 – Louise Peete, American murderer (b. 1880)
• 1953 – Kid Nichols, American baseball player (b. 1869)
• 1958 – Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter (b. 1875)
• 1962 – Ukichiro Nakaya, Japanese physicist (b. 1900)
• 1967 – Donald Sangster, Jamaican Prime Minister (b. 1911)
• 1970 – Cathy O'Donnell, American actress (b. 1923)
• 1970 – John O'Hara, American author (b. 1905)
• 1977 – Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1983 – Dolores del Río, Mexican actress (b. 1905)
• 1985 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian Communist dictator (b. 1908)
• 1985 – Bunny Ahearne, British ice hockey promoter (b. 1900)
• 1987 – Erskine Caldwell, American author (b. 1903)
• 1987 – Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (b. 1919)
• 1990 – Harold Ballard, Canadian ice hockey club owner and executive (b. 1903)
• 1990 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek economist, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1904)
• 1991 – Walker Cooper, American baseball player (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Alejandro Obregón, Colombian painter (b. 1920)
• 1992 – Eve Merriam, American playwright, director, and poet (b. 1916)
• 1996 – Jessica Dubroff, American pilot (b. 1988)
• 2000 – Diana Darvey, British actress, singer and dancer (b. 1945)
• 2001 – Sandy Bull, American musician (b. 1941)
• 2001 – Harry Secombe, Welsh actor and comedian (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Cecil Howard Green, British geophysicist and businessman (b. 1900)
• 2005 – André François, French cartoonist (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Lucien Laurent, French footballer (b. 1907)
• 2006 – June Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters) (b. 1953)
• 2006 – Proof, American rapper (D12) (b. 1973)
• 2007 – Roscoe Lee Browne, American actor (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Kurt Vonnegut, American author (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Ronald Speirs, American Army officer (CO of Easy Company) (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Janet McDonald, American novelist (b. 1954)
• 2008 – Merlin German, United States Marine (b. 1985)
• 2009 – Corín Tellado, Spanish romance novelist (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress (b. 1914)
• 2010 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer and musician (b. 1948)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Antipas of Pergamum (Greek Orthodox Church)
  • Gemma Galgani
  • Godeberta
  • Guthlac
  • Stanislaus of Szczepanów
  • April 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Juan Santamaría Day, anniversary of his death in the Second Battle of Rivas. (Costa Rica)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada